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Megastigmus atedius : ウィキペディア英語版 | Megastigmus atedius
''Megastigmus atedius'' (spruce seed chalcid) is a species of minute wasp that feeds on white spruce seed and cones. The damage it causes is largely undetected because the larvae complete their development hidden inside the seeds, which reveal no external indication of this.〔Ives, W.G.H.; Wong, H.R. 1988. Tree and shrub insects of the prairie provinces. Gov’t Can., Can. For. Serv., Edmonton AB, Inf. Rep. NOR-X-292. 327 p.(et al. 1994 )〕 Although species of ''Megastigmus'' are said to be host-specific,〔 the spruce seed chalcid found near Fairbanks, Alaska, was identified by E.H. Holsten and others in 1980〔Holsten, E.H.; Werner, R.A.; Laurent, T.H. 1980. Insects and diseases of Alaskan forests. USDA, For. Serv., Alaska Region Report No. 75, 185 p.(Cited in Coates et al. 1994).〕 as ''M. piceae'', while A.H. Rose and O.H. Lindquist 〔Rose, A.H.; Lindquist, O.H. 1985. Insects of eastern spruces, fir and, hemlock, revised edition. Gov’t Can., Can. For. Serv., Ottawa, For. Tech. Rep. 23. 159 p. (cited in Coates et al. 1994, cited orig ed 1977)〕 applied the name ''Megastigmus piceae'', but gave the authority as Rohwer. ==Other seed and cone insects== In the Prairie Provinces, the spruce cone maggot (''Delia anthracina'' Czerny), which Rose and Lindquist designated as ''Hylemya anthracina'' (Czerny), attacks cones of white, Engelmann, and black spruces, and in some years may destroy the entire seed crop.〔 The spruce cone-axis midge (''Dasineura rachiphaga'') and cone maggots (''Pegohylemia'') were also found to be damaging white spruce cones and seed near Fairbanks.〔
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